Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a tumor-like growth in the oral cavity. It is manifested as a painless sessile or pedunculated, erythematous, exophytic and specific papular or nodular with a smooth or lobulated surface, which may have a fibrinous covering. The lesion usually bleeds easily on a slight provocation. PG is considered to be a non-neoplastic in nature. It is a reactive lesion, also classified in pregnancy associated gingival diseases. It occurs due to irritation or physical trauma from calculus or cervical restorations as also some contribution by hormonal factors and usually affects the gingiva, but can be seen in areas of frequent trauma such as lower lip, tongue, oral mucosa, and palate. The growth is typically seen on or after the third month of pregnancy and may grow rapidly to acquire a large size, thus, requiring surgical removal. The diode laser has also been used as an alternative treatment modality. This is a case report of PG in a patient treated with the diode laser.

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Continuous mode of operation (CW)980 nm Laser tissue welding has been studied for full thickness incisions on the oral cavity of the rabbit in vivo. Materials and Methods: Surgical incisions were done on the hard palate of the rabbits; the incisions were irradiated with 980 nm diode laser, 0.63 W as an output power and 27 s as an exposure time. Results: The immediate clinical results have shown a hemostasis of the bleeding, while the histopathological examination showed comparable results though it revealed a fastened healing pattern in comparison with the sutured incisions. Discussion: The immediately laser welded tissues was as a result of the denaturation and coagulation of the tissue proteins via the increase of the tissue temperature due to the laser-tissue photothermal interaction. Conclusion: The use of 980 nm diode laser in soft tissue welding is a successful method of wound closure in oral mucosa with the minimum side effects.

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Eruption cysts are benign cysts that appear on the mucosa of a tooth shortly before its eruption. They may disappear by themselves but if they are hurt, bleed, or are infected, they may require surgical treatment to expose the tooth and drain the contents. Here we present a clinical case of a 12-year-old child with an eruption cyst in mandibular right second molar treated using diode laser. No hemorrhage, swelling, infection or postoperative pain was observed. Treatment of eruption cysts with this technique facilitates obtaining a cooperative behavior from pediatric patients and makes behavior management easier.

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Objectives: To test the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to enamel etched with Erbium: Yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser (Er YAG) at different power outputs of 1, 2, and 2.5 W and to check the surface characteristics of enamel using scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic reason were used. Enamel was then etched using conventional acid etch technique and Er:YAG laser at three different power outputs. Few teeth did not undergo shear test but prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Results: The shear bond strength associated with the 1 W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other groups. Both the 2 and 2.5 W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner like with acid etching. Conclusion: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er:YAG laser is comparable to that obtained with acid etching and an alternate to acid etching.

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Background: Application of laser energy onto exposed dentinal tubules provides instantaneous relief from dentin hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was to compare between CO ₂ and Nd:YAG laser irradiation for their sealing ability on human dentinal tubules when treated with and without fluoride varnish, using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Materials and Methods: Twenty extracted human intact third molar teeth were selected. A total of six samples were obtained from each tooth. One hundred and twenty dentin samples from 20 teeth were then divided into six groups with 20 samples in each group. These slabs were treated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 5 min and with 5% NaOCl for the next 2 min for removal of the smear layer. Each of the samples from a single tooth was then subjected to six different treatment protocols according to the groups given below. Group 1 (n = 20) : CO ₂ laser Group 2 (n = 20) : Nd:YAG laser Group 3 (n = 20) : Varnished with fluoride and lased with CO ₂ laser Group 4 (n = 20) : Varnished with fluoride and lased with Nd:YAG laser Group 5 (n = 20) : Varnished with fluoride Group 6 (n = 20) (control) : Not subjected to lasing and fluoride application All samples were examined under scanning electron microscope. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the multiple comparisons among groups were carried out by Student's t-test. Results: Compared to conventional fluoridation or laser irradiation, in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, CO ₂ lasers in combination with fluoride varnish appear to show better efficacy than either treatment modality alone.

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Gingival recession is a most common condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, in which the change in the position of the gingiva affects the esthetics and also hypersensitivity due to the exposure of the cementum. Coverage of denuded roots has become one of the most challenging procedures in periodontal mucogingival surgery. The principal objective in the treatment of gingival recession is to cover the exposed root surfaces to improve esthetics and to reduce hypersensitivity. Grafting procedures can be performed traditionally by use of a scalpel or by the use of lasers. A case of gingival recession with a shallow vestibule, treated with a free gingival autograft using a Diode laser is presented here. The recipient bed preparation and harvesting of graft from donor site were done with the Diode laser using the appropriate laser parameters so as to ensure proper healing of the free gingival graft. The results showed uneventful healing of donor site with complete root coverage and increased width of attached gingiva in the recipient site. The results of the therapy were assessed after 3 months.

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Miniscrews have proven to be a useful addition to the orthodontist's armamentarium for control of skeletal anchorage in less compliant or noncompliant patients, but the risks involved with miniscrew placement must be clearly understood by both the clinician and the patient. Complications can arise during miniscrew placement and after orthodontic loading in regard to stability and patient safety. This article presents a case report of peri-implantitis around an orthodontic miniscrew implant treated with Erbium, chromium, yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er,Cr: YSGG) laser.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the element content in enamel surface before and after bleaching with two different bleaching agents using three modes of activation. Materials and Methods: Thirty human extracted central incisors were randomly divided into two groups based on the bleaching agents and were further subdivided into three subgroups based on the mode of activation as follows. The crowns of the teeth were demarcated into two halves vertically; one half serving as control while the other half is the bleached surface. Following bleaching, the samples are to be subjected to elemental analysis using EDAX software. Results : Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests it can be concluded that despite different bleaching agents with different concentration used, there was no overall significant difference between the element content before and after bleaching. Conclusion: Lasers showed a better performance than halogen light cure unit in terms of surface effects and elemental content.

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Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of neodymium:Yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and diode laser irradiation on intracanal dentin surface by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis, and its interference in the apical seal of filled canals. Materials and Methods: After endodontic treatment procedures, 60 single-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. In the negative control group (n = 15), no additional treatment was performed and teeth were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha; in the Nd:YAG laser-treated group (n = 15) and in the diode laser-treated groups (n = 15), the root canals were irradiated with Nd:YAG laser -1.5 W/Diode laser 810 nm - 2 W /Diode laser 980 nm - 2 W } using 200 micron fiber before filling, as described for the control group. Two specimens of each group were prepared for SEM analysis to evaluate the presence and extent of morphological changes and removal of debris; the other specimens were immersed in 2% rhodamine B for 72 h at 37°C for evaluation of the linear dye leakage at the apical third. Results: Laser groups showed significantly less linear leakage as compared to the control group.

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