Mucocele is commonly occurring lesion in the oral cavity, mostly involving minor salivary glands, resulting from rupture or obliteration of the ducts leading to their glandular contents (mucinous) being released subepithelially. Etiological factors include trauma, parafunctional habits, lip biting, etc.; and if left untreated may lead to permanent bump in the area of occurrence. Various treatment modalities have been advocated for mucocele among which lasers being the most recent and advanced. In the present case reports, diode laser was used for the excision of mucocele on the lower lip, the advantages being minimal discomfort, bleeding, recurrence, and better compliance among patients.

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Context: Use of lasers in painless contemporary restorative dentistry. Aims: To assess the extent of painless perception using lasers for tooth preparation based on visual analogue scale (VAS). To compare conventional and laser tooth preparation using VAS scale. Settings and Design: Adult patients reporting to the Department of Conservative Dentistry were selected. Fotona fidelis make for ER:YAG laser was used at preset laser settings for enamel and dentin removal with combination of air-water spray. Materials and Methods: Standardized class I tooth preparation for composite restorations were selected for individuals requiring treatment for teeth with similar enamel/dentinal configuration, that is, contralateral in the same individual. Carbide burs-SS White #245 were used for all preparations. Identical tooth preparations were carried out by the same operator for both the teeth using conventional high speed on one side and ER:YAG laser at noncontact mode on the other side. Fotona fidelis make was used at preset laser settings for enamel and dentin removal with combination of air-water spray. The patient was required to provide score according to the VAS scale. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The median of pain while preparing tooth by conventional method is the highest in patient (8) and the smallest in ER:YAG laser (1). The P value is very small (less than the common alpha-level of 0.05), the test is significant. Thus, it is concluded that the method of tooth preparation does affect the pain perception. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of these findings comprehensively prove that laser tooth preparation is much more painless, hence comfortable for the patient, only the economics prove to be a deterrent in its widespread usage.

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Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin are the most common natural pigments contributing to the natural color of the gums. Although physiologic and ethnic melanin pigmentation is not a medical problem, complaints about "black gums" are common. Gingival depigmentation has been carried out using surgical, chemical, electrosurgical and cryosurgical procedures. Recently, "laser ablation" has been recognized as one of the most effective, pleasant and reliable techniques. Effective depigmentation of the gingiva requires removal of all or most of the melanocytes from the basal layer of gingival epithelium. In present case report the efficacy of gingival depigmentation using neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) and erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) lasers in same patient was evaluated.

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Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ultra structural changes induced in dentin after exposure to different conventiona and laser-activated intracoronal bleaching agents . Materials and Methods: Forty human maxillary teeth were taken and were decoronated through the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) perpendicular to the long axis of tooth, the crown part was then cut parallel to long axis dividing the tooth into mesial and distal half. Experimental specimen were then divided into two groups (n = 20) in which group 1-35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola office SDI limited Australia) Group 2-30% hydrogen peroxide (J White Heydent GmbH Germany), the groups were further sub-divided into sub-group A - conventional application and Subgroup B - laser activation (Nd: Yag laser Fotona Fidellis III). The specimens were then evaluated under scanning electron microscope (FEI quanta 200 North America) to determine diameter of dentinal tubules and chemical analysis of the same was done. Results : Within the limits of this in vitro study, higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide used as intracoronal bleaching agent: (1) increases dentinal tubule diameter. (2) And also promote alteration in organic and inorganic components of dentin with reduction in calcium/phosphorous ratio leading to demineralization with insignificant difference between conventional application and laser activation. Conclusion : Laser activation of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent can be added to the present treatment modalities for intracoronal bleaching techniques for faster and more accurate results.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of laser treatment on surface morphology of restorative materials. Materials and Methods: The samples included 19 porcelain ceramics (Group P), 10 half yttrium stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) and half porcelain (Group ZP), and 13 Y-TZP ceramic (Group Z). Pilot study was applied on the prepared samples to determine the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite or graphite powder before surface treatment. Following the pilot study, three laser systems were treated over all ceramic surfaces and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken to do topographic analysis of the samples. Results: According to the results of pilot study; surfaces of zirconia, porcelain, and zirconia-porcelain samples were covered with graphite powder and then treated by CO ₂ laser, erbium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) and neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser. SEM observations were reported for all laser types and all laser parameters that were chosen. Conclusion: The three types of laser products; CO ₂ , Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG are also effective on different output powers on different types of restorative materials.

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Statement of Problem: Low-level laser has been shown to be beneficial in reducing significantly chemotherapy-induced mucositis. However, the approach has not gained wide acceptance, so far. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy clinically in prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients suffering acute hematologic cancers. Materials and Methods: 40 patients who aged 12 and older, who had acute myeloid / lymphoid leukemia and were receiving myeloablative chemotherapy regimen were included. Patients were randomly divided into the control and the experiment groups. A diode laser (Aluminum Gallium Indium; Azor-2k-02, Russia, λ = 660 nm, power: 25 mw, spot size: 2 mm, continuous mode, Energy: 1.5 J per point) was applied on 12 points for one month, twice weekly. Results: Based on the WHO scales, In the fourth session, the people suffering from mucositis were increased to 18 people, 12 of which were in the control group. This increasing trend has been also observed in NCI scales, so that in the fourth session, the number of people suffering from mucositis reached to 12 persons and the severity and degree of leisure reached to 3, 4. Conclusion: Low level laser could reduce the severity and the pain of the mucositis.

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Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a non-neoplastic enlargement of gingiva that is classified as a reactive hyperplastic inflammatory lesion. Surgical excision down to the periosteum and periodontal ligament with thorough root planing is the mainstay of treatment for peripheral ossifying fibroma. Deep surgery may lead to a gingival defect, which would require gingival grafting. This article illustrates a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma successfully managed using a diode laser with 1-year-follow up. The results showed that diode lasers are an excellent alternative to conventional approach so that a conservative surgical excision can be accomplished with minimal esthetic problems and recurrence.

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Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma also known as peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), peripheral cementifying fibroma, calcifying or ossifying fibroid epulis. Peripheral fibroma with calcification is a relatively common gingival growth of a reactive rather than neoplastic nature with uncertain pathogenesis and can be treated with excision under local anesthesia with Bard Parker blade, electrocautery, or Laser. Using laser in pediatric patients is been proved beneficial as laser gave us bloodless surgical site, reduced chair side time, less armamentarium and reduction or elimination of local anesthetics, suturing, postsurgical pain medication, and antibiotics due to enhanced healing. A clinical case of a 13-year-old girl child with POF with history of 45 days treated with diode laser is presented here.

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Introduction: Clinical practice with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been investigated; however researchers and therapists have questioned the clinical benefits of laser therapy due to divergent results in the literature. Aim of the study: This research evaluated the effects of laser therapy on blood circulation following application of two diode lasers with different wavelengths with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of LLLT on circulation of blood vessels in palatal gingiva, two diode lasers were applied to the palatal gingiva at 2 mm distance to the two upper incisors of 20 rats. Ten rats were irradiated with a wavelength of 810 nm (10 J/cm ² , Fotona) while other 10 rats were irradiated with wavelength of 660 nm (10 J/cm ² , Helbo, Bredent) for 7 consecutive days. Rate of blood circulation in the ascending palatine artery was determined with LDF from the same gingival location before and 1 h after irradiation on each day. Data were analyzed by repeated measurements of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results indicated that blood circulation was significantly increased after 1 h following irradiation with both diode laser types (P < 0.05) and the increase was similar following each consecutive irradiation for 7 days. Conclusion: The irradiation of the palatal gingiva by LLLT enhanced the local blood circulation; however, the amount of increase was limited and similar to following identical applications on consecutive days.

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